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| Post = Marquis Wei | Other = Ma Chao the Splendid }} Ma Chao (176–222),〔 courtesy name Mengqi, was a military general and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period. He also appears as a prominent character in Luo Guanzhong's historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', as one of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei. ==Family background== Ma Chao was from Maoling County (茂陵縣), Youfufeng Commandery (右扶風郡), which is located northeast of present-day Xingping, Shaanxi. He was the eldest son of Ma Teng, who descended from Ma Yuan, a general who lived in the early Eastern Han dynasty. Ma Teng's father, Ma Ping (馬平),〔(獻帝傳曰：「騰父平，扶風人。為天水蘭干尉，失官，遂留隴西，與羌雜居。家貧無妻，遂取羌女，生騰。」) ''Xiandi Zhuan'' annotation in ''Houhanshu'' vol. 72.〕 whose courtesy name was "Zishuo" (子碩), served as a military officer in Tianshui Commandery (天水郡) during the reign of Emperor Huan. After losing his post, Ma Ping went to live among the Qiang tribes in the region, married a Qiang woman and had a son, Ma Teng.〔(典略曰：騰字壽成，馬援後也。桓帝時，其父字子碩，甞為天水蘭干尉。後失官，因留隴西，與羌錯居。家貧無妻，遂娶羌女，生騰。) ''Dianlue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 36.〕 Ma Teng, along with Han Sui and others, were warlords who held considerable influence in Liang Province (covering parts of present-day Shaanxi and Gansu) towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, and they were reluctant to submit to Han rule. In 192, Ma Teng accepted the title "General Who Attacks the West" (征西將軍) from the Han imperial court and garrisoned his army at Mei County (郿縣). However, he rebelled against Han rule later and attacked the city of Chang'an but failed to conquer it so he retreated back to Liang Province.〔(馬超字孟起，右扶風茂陵人也。父騰，靈帝末與邊章、韓遂等俱起事於西州。初平三年，遂、騰率衆詣長安。漢朝以遂為鎮西將軍，遣還金城，騰為征西將軍，遣屯郿。後騰襲長安，敗走，退還涼州。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 36.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ma Chao」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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